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CESBIO contribution to the activities of the "Centre Aval de Traitement et des Données SMOS" (CATDS)
The CATDS (Centre Aval de Traitement et des Données SMOS) is split in three parts :
- C-PDC Production Center : produce and dissaminate L3/L4 data (l’IFREMER de Brest)
- C-EC SM Expertise Center dedicated to « Soil Moisture » (CESBIO, Toulouse)
- C-EC OS Expertise Center dedicated to « ocean salinity » (IFREMER, Brest )
CNES is in charge of the CATDS, this center is dedicated to :
• Product and disseminate SMOS L3/L4 products
• Reprocess SMOS L3/L4 products when necessary
• Develop, test and validate the SMOS L3/L4 processing chains, in close cooperation with the scientific community (improvement of the processing chains)
Interfaces
♦ Data Processing Ground Segment (DPGS) = ESA Center for L1 data production
♦ Users :• Send services/information requests
• Receive L3/L4 data (network and media) and services♦Auxiliary data providers, Main auxiliary data provider is the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF);
♦Scientific community : provides expertise with the means provided by the center (C-EC) :• mock-up (algorithm test)
• specify the "algorithm theoritical baseline document" (ATBD)
• test and evaluation on SMOS data to C-EC♦ C-PDC / C-EC : expertise and production centers.
Industry implication :
- System architecture : groupement ATOS Origin – GFI Informatique
- Processing chains : consortium CAP-Gemini Sud et ACRI-ST
Cooperations
♦ IFREMER will host the Data Production Centre in the CERSAT (=Centre ERS d'Archivage et de Traitement)
♦ CESBIO will host the SM Expertise Centre; and will deliver the L3+L4 algorithms specifications and mock-up (with the help of the other laboratories involved in L3/L4 SM)
♦IFREMER will host the OS Expertise Centre; and will deliver the L3+L4 algorithms specifications and mock-up (with the help of the other laboratories involved in L3/L4 OS)
♦Spain will develop CP34, another ground-segment dedicated to SMOS L3+L4 products processing
Level 2 Processor
The Soil Moisture Expert Support Laboratories (ESL) - consisting of 5 different laboratories :
1 the LI group with CESBIO and IPSL SA
2 the University of Roma
3 the Reading University
4 the INRA EPHYSE in Bordeaux
L band Radiometer for Estimating Water In Soils " (LEWIS)
One aim of this radiometer, as a preparation for the SMOS mission, is to validate root zone soil moisture from brightness temperature measurements.To achieve this goal the "L band Radiometer for Estimatingring Water In Soils " ( LEWIS) was designe, built and tested.
The instrument is dedicated to the analysis of :
- special events such as frost, dew.......
- to test and improve the algorithms
used for estimating surface and root zone soil moisture from multi-angular dual-polarized brightness temperature measurements using assimilation techniques..
To achieve this goal, a test site was selected near Toulouse and equipped with ground mesurements over two surface types (bare soil and fallow grass).
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High Quality Ground based radiometer1.4 GHz, ONERA/CESBIO
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| Design and Test of the Ground-Based L band Radiometer for Estimatingring Water In Soils ( LEWIS) |
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Diurnal cycle : Dual polarized brightness temperature over two surface types (bare soil and fallow grass). |
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Artist's Views and Animation
| SMOS ANIMATION get here the mpg data file (2168 K)oB |
(CESBIO / MIRA Productions) |
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:5500 x 2800 pixels |
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3500 x2800 pixels (300 dpi) |
SMOS : ESA 's water mission |
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Useful links
The ESA living planet programme Home page
ESA : for the ESA SMOS site
The SMOS missio main steps on the CNES web site
Site web d'EADS/CASA
Site web d'Alcatel Alenia Space
Site web des Lanceurs ROCKOT
Site web d'ACRI
Site web d'ARRAY
data sets
The NSIDC page : for passive microwave data and Snow and Ice data
The Global Soil Wetness project Page for the existing soil wetness data and research
Global soil Moisture Data Bank for soil moisture data sets
Other data sets of interest from USDA Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture, hydrology experiment...
Experiment and Mission
The Hydros page : for the other Soil moisture mission (NASA ESSP)
The GEWEX page : for the Global Energy an Water Experiment
the Aquarius page : for the other Sea Salinity mission (NASA ESSP)
MDB and NAFE Experiment : for the next SMOS campaign (CoSMAus)
Other sites...
Hydrologie Laboratory Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory (USDA)
AMSR page : for the existing almost low frequency radiometer
The Sea Salinity International Working Group Final Report of the First Workshop, february1998.
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POSTERS / PHOTOGRAPHS /VIDEO
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| 1st SMOS Brainstorming team at TUD | ||
| observing land moisture and salt in the ocean | ![]() |
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ISPRS poster-- 699Ko format pdf |
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| poster : SMOS Mission and Water cycle (in french) 453 Ko format pdf |
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| poster :Improved windowing functions for synthetic aperture imaging radiometers 2413 Ko format pdf |
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| poster Distribution of surface soil moisture within a SMOS pixel by multi-spectral analysis 980 Ko format pdf |
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| poster Self characterization of modelling parameters for Synthetic Aperture Imaging Radiometers 2286 Ko format pdf |
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| poster Impact of the fringe washing function on the spatial resolution and on the radiometric sensitivity of the SMOS instrument 1297 Ko format pdf |
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Scaling and assimilation of SMOS data for Hydrology 1035 Ko format pdf |
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Mission characteristics
The SMOS mission was born from the conjonction of new technological developments (ASTRIUM/MMS-DASA, CASA) and the modeling needs for meteorological prediction.
The proposed instrument is based on a L-band interferometric radiometer (passive microwave, 1.4GHz) with an average spatial resolution of 43 km (30 to 50 depending on the view angle) and a repetition of 3 days at the equator (only ascending orbits). The instrument concept is very original (VLBI, used by astrophysicists) and it benefits from the experience acquired during the development of an airplane- mounted version : MIRAS (for the preparation of the ESA mission). The instrument can be placed on a PROTEUS-type mini-satelllite platform.
The CATDS (Centre Aval de Traitement des Données) is in phase B ( levels 3 & 4).
Mission Context
The SMOS mission does not have any competition for the moment, ISIS (NASA), HYDROSTAR (NASA) et MIRAS (ESA) projects have not been selected. American teams are lending strong support to the SMOS project.
Currently two projects are selected by NASA:
1. Aquarius which will measure ocean salinity with a precision of 0.2 PSU over a surface of 200X200 km2 every 10 days (the satellite repetition is 8 days with a long track of 300 km and a spatial resolution of 100 km)
2. HYDROS which will measure surface soil humidity with a repetition of 3 days and a resolution of 40 km and a precision of 4% vol.
These two projects are based on L-band radiometers and an active system in L-band. In comparison, SMOS will provide both the ocean surface salinity (0.1 PSU over 200x 200 km2 every 10 days), and the superficial humidity (4% vol every3 days with an average spatial resolution of 43 km). The originality of SMOS comes from directional measurements used in order to determine the vegetation water content.
SMOS REX |
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SMOSREX consiste à utiliser simultanément : Conduite conjointement avec la campagne aéroportée CoSMOS en 2005, SMOSREX permet de considérer tant les questions théoriques liées à la télédétection de l'humidité du sol, que ses applications de la pour la modélisation. Les objectifs de cette campagne de terrain sont donc multiples
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| Etude des effets de la rugosité sur l'émission en bande-L du sol nu MIALON Arnaud, WIGNERON Jean-Pierre, DEROSNAY Patricia, Escorihuela M.-J.KERR Yann Présentation poster à la conférence : MICRORAD 2008, Florencia, Italy - abstract |
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Escorihuela, MJ and Kerr, YH and de Rosnay, P. and Wigneron, J.P. andCalvet, J.C. and Lemaitre, F., 2007. A Simple Model of the Bare Soil Microwave Emission at L-Band, Geosc. Remote Sens., vol.45 (n7 Part 1),p 1978-1987. |
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| de Rosnay P., Calvet J.-C., Kerr Y., Wigneron J.-P., Lemaître F., Escorihuela M.J., Muñoz-Sabater J., Saleh K., Barrié J., Bouhours G., Coret L., Cherel G., Dedieu G., Durbe R., Fritz N.E.D., Froissard F., Hoedjes J., Kruszewski A., Lavenu F., Suquia D., Waldteufel P. : "SMOSREX: A Long Term Field Campaign Experiment for Soil Moisture and Land Surface Processes Remote Sensing" Remote Sensing of Environment, 102, 377-389, 2006 doi:10.1016/j.rse.2006.02.021 | |||
EGU workshop report - April 27, 2005 - Vienna :
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SMOS Rex Case Study : Determination of the effective Temperature for L-band Radiometry, (EGU-2004) P. de Rosnay, T. Holmes., J.P. Wigneron Y. Kerr, J.C. Calvet, M.J. Escorihuela, K. Saleh, F. Lemaître |
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SMOSREX : Surface Monitoring Of the Soil Reservoir EXperiment Experiment design and results (EGU-2004) M.J. Escorihuela, P. de Rosnay, Y. Kerr, J.C. Calvet, F. Lemaitre, J.P. Wigneron, J.P. Waldteufel, N.E.D. Fritz |
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| Télédétection de l'humidité des sols. Présentation de l'expérience SMOSREX P. de Rosnay, Y. Kerr, J.C. Calvet, F. Lemaître, M.J. Escorihuela, J.P. Wigneron |
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TECHNICAL NOTES
These technical notes are intended to those who want
to get a deeper insight of the SMOS system.
They cover instrument characteristics (FOV), retrieval
accuracies, perturbations and more should come!
They were all written by Philippe Waldteufel.
Radiometric sensitivity of SMOS
L Band Salinity retrieval: SST and receiver effects
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CoSMOS- 2
Due to last minutes lack of availability of the 1st CoSMOS campaign in the south-west of France, ESA decided to organize an airborne campaign at the same time and at the same place of National Airborne ield Experiment (NAFE)
CoSMOS-2 took place in Australia from 31 October to 25 November. Following the cancellation of CoSMOS-1, scheduled for March / April 2005, CoSMOS-2 has been developed to enable validation of the SMOS soil moisture prototype processor at the start of 2006.
The airborne components of the campaignwas the Aero Commander 500S Shrike aircraft that was installed with the EMIRAD L-band radiometer developed by the Technical University of Denmark. In-situ soil moisture and ancillary measurements were provided by the instrumentation established in the Goulburn River Basin , where an excellent variety of semi-arid vegetation and soil types are to be found.
flight plans for cosmos(8/2005) ![]()
Mission objectives
The scientific objective of this mission is to obtain a better estimate of the spatio-temporal water budget at the global scale and ocean/atmosphere interactions.
Over continental surfaces, it is necessary to estimate the soil surface humidity for global circulation models and boundary conditions for large hydrological models. Sensitivity analyses show the importance of knowing a precise value on the soil surface humidity for precipitation field reconstruction. Moreover, new approaches permit the estimation of the root zone water content. Finally, multi-angular and dual polarization measures from SMOS will allow a quantification of the vegetation water content
Over the oceans, it is necessary to estimate the salinity which is a very important variable for ocean circulation dynamics and for ocean/atmosphere coupling. Currently, no measures of this nature are available on the global scale.
Project status
This project was submitted to ESA by the CESBIO in response to the call for proposals " Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions " in November, 1998.
It was classed second and therefore it was selected. In mid-January 2004, the project passed into phase C/D at ESA. Opportunity mission scheduled for launch in 2009.
Ground Segment : Expert Support Laboratory (ESL) and industry have been selected to prepare prototype for Soil Moisture and Sea Salinity algorithms
The payload of the SMOS instrument has successfully completed this year all certification tests (vibration, acoustics, vacuum ...). The instrument is now ready, SMOS is scheduled for launch in september 2009 for a lifetime of 5 years. The scientists will be able to benefit from these data at the end of this summer. In the meantime, they can now become familiar with the first simulations of SMOS data generated for about forty dates.
Welcome to the submission area for the AO for SMOS Calibration and Validation.
The 1st. Announcement of Opportunity for the SMOS Mission aiming specifically at Calibration and Validation activities is open now. Details are available from: http://eopi.esa.int/smos
You can read some CESBIO responses :
Cal-val SMOS-AMMA
Principal Investigator: Manuela Grippa (CESBIO/CNAP), Thierry Pellarin (Laboratoire d'étude des Transferts en Hydrologie et Environnement, LTHE), Bernard Cappelaere (Hydro Sciences, Montpellier - HSM)
Primary Application Domain: Calibration/Validation
Secondary Application Domain: HydrologyTitle : Multiscale validation of SMOS brightness temperature and products over West Africa
The aim of this project is to use both ground measurements and land surface modeling approaches to compare and validate SMOS products over West Africa in the framework of AMMA project.
more details and results
Cal Val SMOS Murray-Darling Basin : National Airborne ield Experiment (NAFE)
Principal Investigator : Gilles Boulet (CESBIO/IRD)
Primary Application Domain: Calibration/Validation
Secondary Application Domain: HydrologyThe aim of this proposal is to use a combination of gridded airborne L-band brightness temperature, NDVI and surface temperature data and distributed in-situ soil moisture data acquired at the scale of several SMOS pixels during two field experiments in SE Australia (NAFE) to test 1- the SMOS soil-moisture retrieval algorithms (inversion of local soil moisture from airborne brightness temperature data) 2- the SMOS disaggregation algorithms (inversion of local soil moisture from coarse brightness temperature and auxillary remote-sensing data). This proposal falls within the Cal/Val SMOS activities for which a joint proposal with the same objectives is submitted to the adhoc program at ESA, lead by our Australian partners represented by Prof. Jetse Kalma.
website of NAFE
ESA presentation for the CaL-Val
Results of the (COSMOS/NAFE'05 Experiment
Calibration of SMOS products Geolocalisation Biases
Principal Investigator. : Francois Cabot (CESBIO/CNES)
Primary Application Domain: Calibration/Validation
The aim of this study is to deliver a full characterization of on-orbit geolocalisation biases as observables in SMOS products.
more details
CAL-VAL CAROLS (paper in preparation)
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SMOS in-orbit commissioning
SMOS in-orbit commissioning as been on track since the succesful launch of the satellite on November 2nd, 2009.
Following accurate injection, payload arms deployment and fine tuning of the orbit, the first period was dedicated to PROTEUS bus. Full review of platform capability being conducted, after the instrument was switched on on November 17th, 2009, mission commissioning per se was started.
After a full functional health check of all calibration and acquisition modes, instrument characterisation has begun in sequences, each of which yielding an improvement in data quality.
Only concerns have been with one of the local oscillator, which had to be switched to backup side, and with strong presence of RFI over some specific areas.
Current status is that the instrument is behaving better than expected and studies are being initiated to mitigate RFI impact.
For more information, details in real time on the in-orbit are published on the blog: SMOS_blog
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on this mission, please contact : yann.kerr@cesbio.cnes.fr
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